What Is Species?

      Hi everyone, today I'd like to talk about the definition of species. Do you know how scientists classify creatures? In fact, they don't use only one way of classification. Here I'll tell you two definitions.
     First, people recognized animals and plants based on their looks. This is the simplest way. Scientists were satisfied with the method in the past time. However, for a long time, some problems emerged. One of the problems is the difference in values among the scientists. Some people recognized an animal as a new species but others didn't. The method is ambiguous because it depends on their own opinions. So they had to make a new way.
     To solve the problems, a new definition of species was established. It depends on whether two animals or plants can mate naturally. If they can have children and the children can do so, they are the same species on the definition. This classification is clear and not disrupting. It's also in the textbooks of biology in Japan. However, This method is not perfect because some kinds of endangered animals are classified as common animals based on the method of classification. For example, red wolf, an endangered animal, can mate with timber wolf, a common animal. So they are the same species based on the definition. However, we recognize them as different species and want to protect the red wolf. That's why we had to create a new definition again. TO BE CONTINUED...➡

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How Our Cells Eliminate Failure Protein?

      Hi everyone, today I'd like to talk about the mechanism of processing bad protein in the endoplasmic reticulum(ER). In our cells, defective proteins often appear through central dogma. So cells have to recognize and eliminate them to avoid their making problems. Some kinds of molecular in the ER are responsible for the role.      After protein synthesis, some of the protein enters the ER and is attached to a special sugar chain by enzymes. This chain shows the protein's condition, how long they are in the ER, and whether they are correct conformation. If they are perfect proteins, the ER exports them to other organelles. If they passed a long time after synthesis and are not completive, they will be decomposed.      The sugar chain consists of mannose and some glucose. When the protein became appropriate condition, enzymes cut the glucose off. Then other enzymes recognize the protein which doesn't have glucose as good protein and put it...
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Gene-editing Enables Us to Create Single Sex Mice

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      Hi everyone, today I'd like to tell you about a recent study to create only female mice. Gene-editing based on CRISPER-Cas9 enables us to do it. Thanks to the technique, a lot of lives may be saved.      Most mammals' sex is decided by XY-chromosomes. If they have two X-chromosomes, they are female. If they have one X-chromosome and one Y-chromosome, they are male. To control their sex, scientists put specific genes on each chromosome. When both edited them are in the same cell, the cell can't survive.       The specific genes are important for CRISPER-Cas9. One gene makes an enzyme, this cuts DNA at a specific area. The other gene is transcripted as a guide-RNA, the RNA takes the enzyme to a vital gene. When they fertilize and are in the same cell, they cut an important gene and kill the cell. So only the cell which has edited X and Y-chromosomes can't survive and the male isn't born.      The technique will be impo...
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Why All Pokemon Are Born Of An Egg?

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Hi everyone. Today, I'd like to talk about Pokemon. Some days ago, new Pokemon games were released in Japan. When I heard that I had a question, why they were born of eggs? In the game, most Pokemon yield eggs dislike real animals. To solve the question, I researched on the Internet and considered it by myself.  Through that, I got an answer, all Pokemon may be offspring of one kind of Pokemon. The Pokemon is Mew, the Pokemon has extinct. Mew has all genetics of Pokemon, which means  Mew may yield an egg. If all Pokemon evolved from Mew, it is natural that most Pokemon lay eggs. However, people have never found their eggs in the game. 
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